Extensions of target space T-duality to non-Abelian isometry groups and even to spaces without isometry have found recent utility within the AdS/CFT correspondence and have played a central role in the development of new classes of integrable string backgrounds called $\eta$ and $\lambda$-models. After a pedagogical introduction to the topic I will outline some recent results concerning the open sector of $\lambda$-models and the interpretation of these theories within the formalism of double field theory.