Gauge (or Yang-Mills) theories are the building blocks of our current physical understanding of the universe. In parallel, string theory is a framework for a consistent quantum description of gravity. Gauge-String duality a.k.a. the AdS/CFT correspondence proposes a remarkable connection between these two very different classes of theories. I will begin by discussing why it is important to arrive at a first principles understanding of the underlying mechanism of this duality relating quantum field theories (QFTs) and string theories (or other theories of gravity). I will then proceed to discuss a very general approach which aims to relate large N QFTs and string theories, starting from free field theories. This corresponds to a tensionless limit of the dual string theory on AdS spacetime. Finally, I will discuss specific cases of this limit for 3d AdS (dual to 2d CFT) and 5d AdS (dual to 4d Super Yang-Mills theory), where one has begun to carry this program through to fruition, going from the string theory to the field theory and vice versa.

We will argue that superstring theory on ${\rm AdS}_3\times {\rm S}^3\times \mathbb{T}^4$ with the smallest amount of NS-NS flux (``$k=1$'') is dual to the spacetime CFT given by the large $N$ limit of the free symmetric product orbifold $\mathrm{Sym}^N(\mathbb{T}^4)$. The worldsheet theory, at $k=1$, is defined using the hybrid formalism in which the ${\rm AdS}_3\times {\rm S}^3$ part is described by a $\mathfrak{psu}(1,1|2)_1$ WZW model (which is well defined). Unlike the case for $k\geq 2$, it turns out that the string spectrum at $k=1$ does not exhibit a long string continuum, and perfectly matches with the large $N$ limit of the symmetric product. The fusion rules of the symmetric orbifold are also reproduced from the worldsheet perspective. This proposal therefore affords a tractable worldsheet description of a tensionless limit in string theory.